Full text of ' FISHERY SURVEY OF SOUTHERN COASTAL WATERS 0«e« I i*a>>«poiiC0ott*o«. Page II 1 3 3 6 6 9 10 11 19 20 ILLUSTRATIONS FIGURE Page 1. Location of Tri.nter trawl fishing grounds indicated roughly by dots -which represent actual fish catches reported by fishermen during 1930-1931 seasons,, 2 2. The United States Fish and midlife Service research vessel Albatros s III., 4 3. Diagram of the No, 1-1/2 Iceland otter trawl used in the North Carolina fishery survey.

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5 4» Locations of trawl stations, indicated ty dotS;, complete during the survey of southern coastal waters in Ma,^^ and J'une;, 1949 7 PREFACE This is the first of a series of reports, based on the work of the Albatross IIT, concerning hydrographic conditions of, and fishing operations in, southern coastal watGrs. Reports on hydrographic conditions encountered during the present survey l/ and on the distribution of plankton TO-II appear later. The objectives of this survey vrere (l) to exanine the possi- bilities of e:-rpanding local fishery resources in southern coastal waters, principally these of North C^irolina betrreen Cape Hatteras and Gape Fear, by exploring mth an otter travi the area outside the 20-fathom line, and (2) to obtain detailed data on the hydro- grajihy and planlie continental shelf in the region of Cape Hatteras is a sub- merged plain 20 to 75 miles broad; sloping gradually from the da ore until a depth of 50 to 100 fathoms is reached. Beyond the 50 to 100 fathom zone there is a more abrupt drop in the ocean bed so that depths of 300 to 4-00 fathoms are recorded 5 to 10 miles beyond the edge of the shelf north of Capre Hatteras and 15 to 20 miles beyond the shelf south of Cape Hatteras.

Beyond this is a region of still deeper water extending down to the great depths of the ocean* The continental shelf from Cape Hatteras southward may harbor a supply of fish vdiich is not fully utilized, especially since at least 60 percent of the shelf is unknoim to the comjnercial fi sher- men of the area. Fishermen of North Carolina have been unmlling to risk trying new bottom beyond the narrovir strip of the shelf within the 20-fabhom line T.hich is familiar to them. Consequently, these stocks of fish may be umasely exploited - too much of it being taken near shore and none of it offshore.

The offshore grounds^ hOTiever, have been partially explored. A ivinter trawl fishery for croakers in advance of the regular season led several New Jersey flounder cra^^jors to Cape Hatteras tn 1920. (Pearson, 193'4)«2/ These small draggers, accompanied by several small; shallow-draft, oyster- or crab— dredge boats from Virginia, were imable to extend the fishery far out to sea because of their small capacity and their construction, -By the.rinter of 1928-1929> hovrever, se'/eral larger vessels from New England fishing ports, equipped to trawl in the deep offshore iraters, v/ere concentrating their fishing efforts in the vicinity of Cape Hatteras, The number of vessels engaged in this ivinter trawl fishers'- increased to about 50 in 1931 and to about 100 in 1934. Asce 7 10 pdf download. (Nesbit and Neville, 1935). During the vmiter of 1930-1931 this trawl fisherj-- vras concen- trated in tiTO areas (Pearson, 1932). The first, north of Cape Hatteras, extended roughly from latitudes 35 50' to 37'^!

And from longitudes 74° 50 » to 75° 30' ¥. In depths ranging from 20 to 50 fathoms.

The second area, south of Cape ilatteras, vfas enclosed on the north and south 'by latitudes 34° 50' to 35' 50* N. And on the east and west hy longitudes 75° 20' to 76° 10' 7if» (Figure l). These fishing grounds extended from 3 to 30 miles offshore in water from 10 to 30 fathoms Pab]ications referred to parenthetically by author and date are listed in the Literature Cited, page 20 79« 78' 77' 76* 75 • 74» iX^ SB' ^fl MD.fc' WINTEF^' QUARTER' 5f •^.r^ 371?f/ c-n r-^ VIRGINIA XAPE V CHARLES ® >'; CHESAPEAKE '^:;-,% »,' 35*L.■i^/-«:. ^^=^^'1?/ NORTH j / ^ CAROLINA *^ - »• R4MUC0 SOUND 'DiAMdNDi:ape LOOKOUT /' 341 /CAPE PEAR FRYING PAN y 33» O 10 30 50 SCALE OF MILES 79*.^ 78' 77* 76« 75' 74* Figure 1— Location of winter trawl flahlng grounda Indicated rou^luy bj dota wtiion repretkont actual fish caMhea as reported bjr flahazman ±iriag 1930'1931 aaaaon^'. The vri.nter trawl fishery, as it now exists, is limited to the area from Cape Ilatteras north to the Virginia Capes while much of the area outside 20 fathoms south of Cape Hatteras remains unfished« In spite of the growth of this winter trawl fishery in the deeper waters off Cape Katteras.; the resident comrnercial fishermen of North Carolina have continued to e:q5loit the fish populations indigenous to the shelf TfrLthin the 20- fathom line. The Institute of Fisheries Hesearch, cogniz,ant of this limited fishery;, sought ways to expand it, and as a result- a survey was cooperatively undertaken by the Fish and Vfi-ldlife Sevn.ce of the United States Department of the Interior and the Institute of Fisheries Research of the University of North Carolina. TIS SURVEY VESSEL The United States Fish and Wildlife Service research vessel Albatross III (Figure 2) was used in the survey.